Backend'de Özel Hata Sınıfları: Standart Exceptions'tan Neden Uzaklaşmalı

1public class ApplicationException extends RuntimeException {
2private final String errorCode;
3private final int httpStatus;
4
5public ApplicationException(String errorCode, String message, int httpStatus) {
6super(message);
7this.errorCode = errorCode;
8this.httpStatus = httpStatus;
9}
10
11public String getErrorCode() {
12return errorCode;
13}
14
15public int getHttpStatus() {
16return httpStatus;
17}
18}

1public class UserNotFoundException extends ApplicationException {
2public UserNotFoundException(Long userId) {
3super("USER_NOT_FOUND", 
4"Kullanıcı bulunamadı: " + userId, 
5404);
6}
7}
8
9public class InsufficientPermissionException extends ApplicationException {
10public InsufficientPermissionException(String resource) {
11super("INSUFFICIENT_PERMISSION", 
12"Bu işlem için yetkiniz yok: " + resource, 
13403);
14}
15}
16
17public class DatabaseException extends ApplicationException {
18public DatabaseException(String message) {
19super("DATABASE_ERROR", message, 500);
20}
21}

1public User getUserById(Long userId) {
2return userRepository.findById(userId).orElseThrow(() -> new UserNotFoundException(userId));
3}
4
5public void deleteUser(Long userId, User currentUser) {
6if (!currentUser.isAdmin()) {
7throw new InsufficientPermissionException("user_delete");
8}
9userRepository.deleteById(userId);
10}

1@RestControllerAdvice
2public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
3
4@ExceptionHandler(ApplicationException.class)
5public ResponseEntity<?> handleApplicationException(ApplicationException ex) {
6Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
7response.put("error_code", ex.getErrorCode());
8response.put("message", ex.getMessage());
9return ResponseEntity.status(ex.getHttpStatus()).body(response);
10}
11}

1{
2"error_code": "USER_NOT_FOUND",
3"message": "Kullanıcı bulunamadı: 123"
4}